IGCyr2 | GVCyr2
Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica | Greek Verse Inscriptions of Cyrenaica

Epitaph of the second Paresia

EpiDoc XML: GVCyr0092
Trismegistos ID: 738905

Source description

Support: Slightly tapered stele of white marble with strongly marked blue veins; on top, a plain and little projecting moulding (w: 0.395 × h: 1.10 × d: 0.265); on the front face, up to the upper ridge, including the moulding, a sculpted palm branch (height 0.18) is standing in the middle, whereas near the bottom a wreath is sculpted in relief inside a shallow circular recess.

Layout: Inscribed on front face (w: 0.37 to 0.42 × h: 1.03 × d: 0.25 to 0.28), in 29 lines beginning just under the moulding, so that ll. 1-4 are interrupted by the palm (marked in the text by spaces).

Letters: 0.016; deeply cut letters without serifs, traces of guide-lines; lettering on the whole similar to that of GVCyr0082, but for the loop of phi at l. 1 which is angled; an ivy leaf stop in l. 27 (end of a verse).

Date: Perhaps second century AD (lettering).

Findspot: Found before 1935 by G. Oliverio at Cyrene: together with GVCyr0082 in the same rock-cut tomb of the North Necropolis.

Place of origin: Findspot.

Last recorded location: Cyrene Sculpture Museum, 251. Seen by C. Dobias-Lalou in Shahat: in 1979 in the old Sculpture Museum and again in 2010 in the forecourt of the new Museum, which is since the years 1990 the only Cyrene Museum.

Text constituted from: Transcription from stone (CDL).

Bibliography

From †Oliverio's papers Pugliese Carratelli – Oliverio 1961, n. 18, fig. 32 and Gallavotti 1962, whence SEG, 20.748; GVCyr 009 . Cf. Morelli 1963 Chamoux 1991 (= Chamoux 1995), whence SEG, 41.1698 and Dobias-Lalou, BE, 1992.583; Dobias-Lalou 2018, p. 202, whence SEG 68.1745.

Text

Interpretive


Ἡφαιστ (vac. 1)οῦτος θυγά-
τηρ γεν(vac. 1)όμαν Ἀγα-
θανγέλο(vac. 1)υ δ'ἀνδρός
ἥν πάντ(vac. 1)ες σεμνὴν
5γεινώσκουσιν, λέγομαι
δὲ Παρησία. -

Πολλῶν πρα-
γματιῶν μέτοχος γενό-
μαν πιστὴ κατὰ πάντα.
Οὕνεκά μοι πόσις ἔνθα βρα-
10βεῖον ἔθηκεν, σημαίνων (vac. 1)
πάσης ἀρετῆς στέφανόν
με λαβοῦσαν. Πάντων
γὰρ χάριν ἔσχον ἐγὼ νείκης (vac. 1)
τὸ βραβεῖον.
Καὶ γὰρ χορεί-
15αις ταῖς ἐμαῖς δ'ἐν παστά-
σιν
ἐν καλυ̣βοῖσιν ἐμοῖς (vac. 1)
ἱλαρὸν κρότον εὔρυθμον
εἶδον· καὶ λιγὺς αὐλὸς ἐμαῖς
ἐν παστάσι θροῦ̣[ν] ἐδόνησεν,
20κωμάζων δ' Ὑμέναιος ἀπή-
χησεν μέλος ἡδύ (vac. 1). Ἑξηκον-
ταέτης δὲ πλέον κατελή-
{λη}λυθον εἰς Ἀ̣ΐδαο (vac. 1) καὶ νῦν
ἡ πανάριστος ἀσύνκρι- (vac. 2)
25τος ἡ περὶ πάντα κε̣ῖμαι (vac. 1)
σωπήσασα, διὰ στήλης (vac. 1)
δὲ λέγουσα. ❧ Τίς πόθεν;
Ἡ στήλη δὲ λαλεῖ τὸ δ'ἐ- (vac. 2)
μὸν στόμα σειγᾷ.

Metrical


Ἡφαιστ (vac. 1)οῦτος θυγά-
τηρ γεν(vac. 1)όμαν Ἀγα-
θανγέλο(vac. 1)υ δ'ἀνδρός
ἥν πάντ(vac. 1)ες σεμνὴν
5γεινώσκουσιν, λέγομαι
δὲ Παρησία. -


Πολλῶν πρα|γματιῶν μέτοχος γενό|μαν πιστὴ κατὰ πάντα.
| Οὕνεκά μοι πόσις ἔνθα βρα|(10)βεῖον ἔθηκεν,
σημαίνων (vac. 1) | πάσης ἀρετῆς στέφανόν | με λαβοῦσαν.
Πάντων | γὰρ χάριν ἔσχον ἐγὼ νείκης (vac. 1) | τὸ βραβεῖον.

5 Καὶ γὰρ χορεί|(15)αις ταῖς ἐμαῖς δ'ἐν παστά|σιν

ἐν καλυ̣βοῖσιν ἐμοῖς (vac. 1) | ἱλαρὸν κρότον εὔρυθμον | εἶδον·
καὶ λιγὺς αὐλὸς ἐμαῖς | ἐν παστάσι θροῦ̣[ν] ἐδόνησεν,
| (20) κωμάζων δ' Ὑμέναιος ἀπή|χησεν μέλος ἡδύ (vac. 1).
Ἑξηκον|ταέτης δὲ πλέον κατελή|{λη}λυθον εἰς Ἀ̣ΐδαο (vac. 1)
10 καὶ νῦν | ἡ πανάριστος ἀσύνκρι- (vac. 2)|(25)τος ἡ περὶ πάντα
κε̣ῖμαι (vac. 1) | σωπήσασα, διὰ στήλης (vac. 1) | δὲ λέγουσα.
❧ Τίς πόθεν; | Ἡ στήλη δὲ λαλεῖ τὸ δ'ἐ- (vac. 2)|μὸν στόμα σειγᾷ.

Diplomatic


ΗΦΑΙΣΤ  ΟΥΤΟΣΘΥΓΑ
ΤΗΡΓΕΝ  ΟΜΑΝΑΓΑ
ΘΑΝΓΕΛΟ  ΥΔΑΝΔΡΟΣ
ΗΝΠΑΝΤ  ΕΣΣΕΜΝΗΝ
5ΓΕΙΝΩΣΚΟΥΣΙΝΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ
ΔΕΠΑΡΗΣΙΑ

ΠΟΛΛΩΝΠΡΑ
ΓΜΑΤΙΩΝΜΕΤΟΧΟΣΓΕΝΟ
ΜΑΝΠΙΣΤΗΚΑΤΑΠΑΝΤΑ
ΟΥΝΕΚΑΜΟΙΠΟΣΙΣΕΝΘΑΒΡΑ
10ΒΕΙΟΝΕΘΗΚΕΝΣΗΜΑΙΝΩΝ  
ΠΑΣΗΣΑΡΕΤΗΣΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΝ
ΜΕΛΑΒΟΥΣΑΝΠΑΝΤΩΝ
ΓΑΡΧΑΡΙΝΕΣΧΟΝΕΓΩΝΕΙΚΗΣ  
ΤΟΒΡΑΒΕΙΟΝ
ΚΑΙΓΑΡΧΟΡΕΙ
15ΑΙΣΤΑΙΣΕΜΑΙΣΔΕΝΠΑΣΤΑ
ΣΙΝ
ΕΝΚΑΛ.ΒΟΙΣΙΝΕΜΟΙΣ  
ΙΛΑΡΟΝΚΡΟΤΟΝΕΥΡΥΘΜΟΝ
ΕΙΔΟΝΚΑΙΛΙΓΥΣΑΥΛΟΣΕΜΑΙΣ
ΕΝΠΑΣΤΑΣΙΘΡΟ.[.]ΕΔΟΝΗΣΕΝ
20ΚΩΜΑΖΩΝΔΥΜΕΝΑΙΟΣΑΠΗ
ΧΗΣΕΝΜΕΛΟΣΗΔΥ  ΕΞΗΚΟΝ
ΤΑΕΤΗΣΔΕΠΛΕΟΝΚΑΤΕΛΗ
ΛΗΛΥΘΟΝΕΙΣ.ΙΔΑΟ  ΚΑΙΝΥΝ
ΗΠΑΝΑΡΙΣΤΟΣΑΣΥΝΚΡΙ-     
25ΤΟΣΗΠΕΡΙΠΑΝΤΑΚ.ΙΜΑΙ  
ΣΩΠΗΣΑΣΑΔΙΑΣΤΗΛΗΣ  
ΔΕΛΕΓΟΥΣΑ ΤΙΣΠΟΘΕΝ;
ΗΣΤΗΛΗΔΕΛΑΛΕΙΤΟΔΕ-     
ΜΟΝΣΤΟΜΑΣΕΙΓΑ

Apparatus

23: Ἀΐδαο Gallavotti 1962: Ἅιδαο Pugliese Carratelli – Oliverio 1961
26: σωπήσασα Gallavotti 1962: σ<ι>ωπήσασα Pugliese Carratelli – Oliverio 1961

French translation

Translation source: Chamoux 1991

Je fus la fille d'Héphaistous, j'eus Agathangelos pour époux et j'inspire à tous du respect. J'ai nom Parèsia.

Je me suis dépensée en tâches multiples et l'on pouvait toujours compter sur moi.

C'est pourquoi mon époux m'a élevé ici cette stèle comme prix de mes mérites,

pour faire savoir que j'ai reçu la couronne de toutes les vertus:

n'ai-je pas remporté en toutes choses le premier prix?

Et de fait lors des choeurs formés en mon honneur sous les portiques

j'ai vu dans ma maison s'élever le gai tapage des chants bien rythmés.

Les sons aigus de la flûte ont fait résonner mes portiques.

Conduisant le cortège nuptial, Hyménée éveilla les échos de sa douce mélodie.

A plus de soixante ans, je suis descendue dans l'Hadès

et désormais moi, la femme parfaite, l'incomparable en tous points,

je repose, réduite au silence: la stèle parle pour moi.

Qui je fus et de qui je suis née, c'est la stèle qui le dit, car ma bouche est silencieuse.

English translation

I was daughter of Hephaistous and had Agathangelos as a husband, inspiring respect to all. My name is Paresia.

I was busy in many occupations and trustworthy on all occasions.

That is why my husband erected here this stele as an award,

in order to let know that I received the crown of all virtues:

I did in fact carry off the victory crown in all matters.

So did I see, on the occasion of the choruses honoring me under the porches,

the joyful noise of well-rhythmed songs spreading around my house.

The sharp tone of the flute buzzed under my porches.

Leading the bridal procession, Hymenaios echoed with his pleasant melody.

Aged more than sixty years, I went down to Hades

and now, a perfect woman, incomparable in all matters,

I lie, bound to be silent, the stele speaking for me.

Who I was, born to whom, the stele tells it, for my mouth is silent.

Italian translation

Sono stata la figlia di Hephaistous e ho avuto Agathangelos come sposo, a tutti ho ispirato rispetto. Mi chiamo Paresia.

Mi sono spesa in molte occupazioni, in tutte degna di fede.

Per questo lo sposo pose qui per me la stele come premio,

per mostrare che ho ricevuto la corona per tutte le virtù:

in effetti in tutte ho riportato il primo premio.

E in occasione dei cori in mio onore sotto i portici

ho visto in casa mia il lieto rumore ben ritmato dei canti,

l’aulo nei miei portici ha fatto vibrare il suo suono limpido,

Imeneo in processione nuziale ha fatto risuonare la sua dolce melodia.

A più di sessanta anni sono scesa nell’Ade,

e ora, donna perfetta, incomparabile in tutto,

ridotta al silenzio giaccio, parlo grazie alla stele.

Chi sono, da dove vengo, la stele dice, la mia bocca tace.

Commentary

This epitaph was found along with GVCyr0082 and there has been some discussion about their relationship. Oliverio's statement that the lettering of the present one was later than the other, followed by Gallavotti, Chamoux and Reynolds (private information) is not the most certain argument. On the contrary, both letterings are very similar. The same scholars adhered to the view that after a first Paresia died at age 4, her parents (or at least her mother, as the father is not mentioned here and might have been a second husband) gave the same name to another daughter who lived for more than 60 years. When the second Paresia died, a poet composed a poem by imitation and amplification of the funerary verse commemorating the first Paresia. This being also our position, the proximity of the lettering might be explained in two ways: either the stone-cutter of the second stele was commissioned to make as similar a stele as possible or both momuments were made at the same time. Even if so, the baroque style of the second allows to consider it as developing the themes of the preceding and more sober one.

An opposite view was developed by Morelli, who took only textual arguments into account. Although his view would solve the problem of the epigraphic execution, his arguments on substance and form do not seem very convincing.

The relationship of this Paresia with Agathangelos is not quite sure. The husband of married women are often mentioned on funerary stele, but their father's name is also normally a must. And the more so if the mother's name is mentioned. One might also translate 'I was the daughter of Hephaistous and of Aganthangelos her husband'. If so, the mention of 'husband' instead of 'father' like in the heading of GVCyr0082 would be explained as a mere taste for variety, whereas there had been a change in the family and both Paresia had only a common mother.

Metrical analysis. Lines 1-6 are no verse, although rhythmically echoing dactylic or anapestic segments. Verse-lines 1 to 12 make up a series of dactylic unities, some forming a hexameter, others a heptameter (but for verse-line 5 which is a iambic trimeter).

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Deed Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

All citation, reuse or distribution of this work must contain a link back to DOI: https://doi.org/10.60760/unibo/igcyrgvcyr2 and the filename (IGCyr000000 or GVCyr000), as well as the year of consultation.

Maps

Cyrene general plan

image

Cyrene north necropolis

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