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Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica | Greek Verse Inscriptions of Cyrenaica

Accounts of the damiergoi

EpiDoc XML: IGCyr0143002
Trismegistos ID: 106081

Source description

Support: Several fragments of a white marble panel: two adjoining fragments (a and c) found and published together, fragment b published separately, but adjoining a on top; the panel was progressively thicker from upper left to lower right. Fragment a) w: 0.19 × h: 0.22 × d: 0.035; fragment b) w: 0.09 × h: 0.07 × d: 0.04; fragment c) w: 0.155 × h: 0.23 × d: 0.06.

Layout: Section A: ll. 1-7 inscribed on the entire width of the stone; section B: ll. 8-29 on two columns (i and ii); section C: ll. 30-32 on the entire width of the stone.

Letters: 0.006.

Date: Between 220 and 180 BC Rosamilia) (lettering, internal context).

Findspot: All fragments found before 1933 at Cyrene: agora.

Place of origin: Findspot.

Last recorded location: Cyrene Museum, 214 (fragm. b); 262 (fragm. c). Fragments b and part of c seen by C. Dobias-Lalou: b in 1976, c in 1979 in Shahat: Cyrene Museum; fragment a seems to be lost. Between 2010 and 2020, E. Rosamilia was able to study plaster casts of fragments a and c (in its former, more complete condition) kept in Roma, Università dei Studi; he also studied the mutilated fragment c in Shahat: Cyrene Museum.

Text constituted from: Transcription from stones and previous editor.

Bibliography

Oliverio 1932-1933, p. 137, n. 36, whence SEG, 9.37 and Oliverio 1932-1933, pp. 139-141, n. 40, whence SEG, 9.41; joined by Marengo 1991, pp. 490-495, n. 1, whence SEG, 41.1691 and Dobias-Lalou, BE, 1992.584; IGCyr 014300 ; Rosamilia 2023, pp. 179-184 (content, date), pp. 316-317, number 57 (text).

Cf. Dobias-Lalou 2000, pp. 15-16 and 202-203, whence SEG, 50.1637; Rosamilia 2016, pp. 88-92; Rosamilia 2017, whence SEG, 66.2319; Dobias-Lalou 2017, pp. 192-194, whence SEG, 67.1478, whence SEG, 67.1478.

For a general bibliography on the accounts of the damiergoi see IGCyr0114002.

Text

Interpretive

A

a+b
| Θε | ο[ί].
| Ἱαρεὺς Ἁγησίσ | τρατος Πο[---]
| Δαμιε | ργέντω[ν] (vac.)
| Ἀριστίππω Κ[ρ?] | ησίλ̣[α]
5 | Θευδώρω [Ε] | ὐ̣βά[τα],
| Εὐκλείδα Ε | [ὐ]κ̣λ̣ε̣[---].
| Καρποὶ ἐτ[ιμάθεν]·
B

i

a
πράτας ἐξαμήν[ω]·
πυρ(ῶν) ὁ μέ (διμνος) (δραχμαί) ε´
10κρ(ιθᾶν) β´ 𐅵
κυ(άμων) ε´
ἐρεβίνθων ε´
φακῶν ζ´
τὰ ἄλλα
15[ὄσπ]ρια γ´
[κυμί]νω ζ´
[ἀμυσγ]ελᾶν
[μαλακᾶ]ν ιε´
[σκληρᾶν .]
20[ἐλαίω ὁ] [σμ(ιρεύς) .]
[οἴνω .]
[σύκων τὸ] [τά(λαντον) .]
[σταφίδος .]
[σκοραδᾶν τὸ] [τά(λαντον) .]
25[κρομμύων c. 1 - 2]
[χόρτω ἡμέρω]
[ἁ ἅμαξα c. 1 - 2]
[ἀγρίω c. 1 - 2]
[ἀχύρων ἁ] [ῥῖπος c. 1 - 2]
ii

c
[δευτέρας ἑξαμήνω]·
[πυρ(ῶν)] ὁ [μέ(διμνος) (δραχμαί) .]
[κρ(ιθᾶν) .]
[κυ(άμων) .]
[ἐρεβίνθων .]
[φακῶν .]
[τὰ ἄλλα]
ὄ̣σπρια γ´
[κ]υμίνω η´
ἀ̣μυσγελᾶν
[μ]αλ<α>κᾶν ιε´
[σκ]ληρᾶν ϛ´
ἐ̣λαίω ὁ σμ(ιρεύς) η´
[ο]ἴνω ζ´
[σ]ύκων τὸ τά(λαντον) ϛ´
[σ]ταφίδος ζ´
[σ]κοραδᾶν τὸ τά(λαντον) η´
[κ]ρομμύων δ´
[χ]όρτω ἡμέρω
[ἁ] ἅμαξα μ´
ἀγρίω κ´
ἀ̣χύρων ἁ ῥῖπος ι´
C
30[Τὸ πάν], τὰ [ἱαρεῖα ἐθύθη]· [ἐσιὸ]ν̣ ἐν τῶι ἐνιαυτῶι ϡδ´ σλδ´
[ἐξιὸν ἐν τῶι ἐνιαυ]τῶι ΜΑ ϡζ´ σδ´ (δραχμά) 𐅵-
[Παρόρεγμα δαμιεργ]οῖς (δραχμαί) φ´

Diplomatic

A

a+b
| ΘΕ | Ο[.]
| ΙΑΡΕΥΣΑΓΗΣΙΣ | ΤΡΑΤΟΣΠΟ[---]
| ΔΑΜΙΕ | ΡΓΕΝΤΩ[.]      
| ΑΡΙΣΤΙΠΠΩΚ[.] | ΗΣΙ.[.]
5 | ΘΕΥΔΩΡΩ[.] | .ΒΑ[..]
| ΕΥΚΛΕΙΔΑΕ | [.]...[---]
| ΚΑΡΠΟΙΕΤ[......]
B

i

a
ΠΡΑΤΑΣΕΞΑΜΗΝ[.]
ΠΥΡΟΜΕ 𐅂 Ε
10ΚΡ Β 𐅵
ΚΥ Ε
ΕΡΕΒΙΝΘΩΝ Ε
ΦΑΚΩΝ Ζ
ΤΑΑΛΛΑ
15[...]ΡΙΑ Γ
[....]ΝΩ Ζ
[.....]ΕΛΑΝ
[......]Ν ΙΕ
[.......+]
20[......][...+]
[....+]
[..........+]
[........+]
[.............+]
25[........c. 1 - 2]
[..........]
[......c. 1 - 2]
[.....c. 1 - 2]
[.......][.....c. 1 - 2]
ii

c
[...............]
[....]Ο[.....+]
[...+]
[...+]
[.........+]
[.....+]
[......]
.ΣΠΡΙΑ Γ
[.]ΥΜΙΝΩ Η
.ΜΥΣΓΕΛΑΝ
[.]ΑΛΚΑΝ ΙΕ
[..]ΛΗΡΑΝ Ϛ
.ΛΑΙΩΟΣΜ Η
[.]ΙΝΩ Ζ
[.]ΥΚΩΝΤΟΤΑ Ϛ
[.]ΤΑΦΙΔΟΣ Ζ
[.]ΚΟΡΑΔΑΝΤΟΤΑ Η
[.]ΡΟΜΜΥΩΝ Δ
[.]ΟΡΤΩΗΜΕΡΩ
[.]ΑΜΑΞΑ Μ
ΑΓΡΙΩ Κ
.ΧΥΡΩΝΑΡΙΠΟΣ Ι
C
30[.....]ΤΑ[...............].ΕΝΤΩΙΕΝΙΑΥΤΩΙ ϠΔ ΣΛΔ
[...............]ΤΩΙ ΜΑ ϠΖ ΣΔ 𐅂 𐅵-
[................]ΟΙΣ 𐅂 Φ

Apparatus

1-5: Lines 1 to 5 from fragment b were joined to fragment a by Marengo
1: Πο[---] Rosamilia 2023: Π[---] Oliverio 1932-1933, IGCyr
4: Κ[ρ?] | ησίλ̣[α]: Ἡ̣[γ]ησία̣ Marengo 1991; Κ[λ]ησιά[νακτος?] Dobias-Lalou, BE
6: Ε | [ὐ?]κ̣λ̣ε̣[---] Rosamilia 2023: Ε | [ὐ?]κ̣λ̣ε̣[ίδα?] Marengo 1991; Ε | [.]λ̣ι̣[---] IGCyr; [Δα?]ιλέ[οντος] Oliverio 1932-1933 taking into account only fragment b
a.9: πυρ(ῶν): πυ(ρῶν) Oliverio 1932-1933
b.8-23: these lines are now lost
b.20: σμ(ιρεύς) Dobias-Lalou 2000: μετ(ρετής) Oliverio 1932-1933
30: [Τὸ πάν, τὰ ἱαρεῖα ἐθύθη· ἐσιὸ]ν̣: [Τὸ πὰν ἐσιὸ]ν̣ Oliverio 1932-1933, IGCyr || Ϡδσλδ Oliverio 1932-1933, IGCyr: <Μ>Ϡδσλδ Rosamilia 2023
31: [ἐξιὸν ἐν τῶι ἐνιαυ]τῶι Oliverio 1932-1933, IGCyr: [τὸ πὰν ἐξιὸν ἐν τῶι ἐνιαυ]τῶι Rosamilia 2023

French translation

Dieux. Prêtre Hagèsistratos fils de P[---]. Etant démiurges Aristippos fils de Krèsilas, Theudôros fils d'Eubatas, Eukleidas fils d'Eukle[.. ? ..], les récoltes ont été estimées.

Premier semestre: froment, le médimne, 5 drachmes; orge, 2 drachmes 1/2; fèves, 5 drachmes; pois chiches, 5 drachmes; lentilles, 7 drachmes; autres légumineuses, 3 drachmes; cumin, 7 drachmes; amandes à coque tendre, 15 drachmes; à coque dure, [tant; huile, le smireus, tant; vin, tant; figues, le talent, tant; raisin sec, tant; ail, le talent, tant; oignons, tant; foin cultivé, la charretée, tant; sauvage, tant; paille, le filet, tant.

Second semestre: froment, le médimne, tant; orge, tant; fèves, tant; pois chiches, tant; lentilles, tant; autres] légumineuses, 3 drachmes; cumin, 8 drachmes; amandes à coque tendre, 15 drachmes; à coque dure, 6 drachmes; huile, le smireus, 8 drachmes; vin, 7 drachmes; figues, le talent, 6 drachmes; raisin sec, 7 drachmes; ail, le talent, 8 drachmes; oignons, 4 drachmes; foin cultivé, la charretée, 40 drachmes; sauvage, 20 drachmes; paille, le filet, 10 drachmes.

[Total, les victimes ont été sacrifiées, recettes] de l'année : 4234 drachmes. [Dépenses totales de ]l'année: 17 204 drachmes 4 oboles. [Rétribution pour les ]démiurges: 500 drachmes.

English translation

Gods. Priest Hagesistratos son of P[---]. Being damiergoi Aristippos son of Kresilas, Theudoros son of Eubatas, Eukleidas son of Eukle[.. ? ..], the crops were estimated.

First semester: wheat, per medimnos, 5 drachmas; barley, 2 drachmas 1/2; beans, 5 drachmas; chick peas, 5 drachmas; lentils, 7 drachmas; other pulse, 3 drachmas; cumin, 7 drachmas; almonds with soft shells, 15 drachmas; with hard shells, [so much; oil, per smireus, so much; wine, so much; figs, per talent, so much; raisin, so much; garlic, per talent, so much; onions, so much; cultivated hay, per cartload, so much; wild, so much; straw, per net, so much.

Second semester: wheat, per medimnos, so much; barley, so much; beans, so much; chick peas, so much; lentils, so much; other ] pulse, 3 drachmas; cumin, 8 drachmas; almonds with soft shells, 15 drachmas; with hard shells, 6 drachmas; oil, per smireus, 8 drachmas; wine, 7 drachmas; figs, per talent, 6 drachmas; raisin, 7 drachmas; garlic, per talent, 8 drachmas; onions, 4 drachmas; cultivated hay, per cartload, 40 drachmas; wild, 20 drachmas; straw, per net, 10 drachmas.

[Total, the victimes have been sacrified, income ] of the year: 4234 drachmas. [Total expense of the ]year: 17 204 drachmas 4 obols. [Allowance for the ]damiergoi: 500 drachmas.

Italian translation

Dèi. Sacerdote Hagesistratos figlio di P[---]. Quando erano damiurghi Aristippos figlio di Kresilas, Theudoros figlio di Eubatas, Eukleidas figlio di Eukle[.. ? ..], i raccolti sono stati valutati.

Primo semestre: grano, per medimno, 5 dracme; orzo, 2 dracme 1/2; fave, 5 dracme; ceci, 5 dracme; lenticchie, 7 dracme; altri legumi, 3 dracme; cumino, 7 dracme; mandorle a guscio tenero, 15 dracme; a guscio duro, [tanto; olio, per smireus, tanto; vino, tanto; fichi, per talento, tanto; uva passa, anto; aglio, per talento, tanto; cipolle, tanto; fieno coltivato, per carro, tanto; selvatico, tanto; paglia, per rete, tanto.

Secondo semestre: grano, per medimno, tanto; orzo, tanto; fave, tanto; ceci, tanto; lenticchie, tanto; altri ] legumi, 3 dracme; cumino, 8 dracme; mandorle a guscio tenero, 15 dracme; a guscio duro, 6 dracme; olio, per smireus, 8 dracme; vino, 7 dracme; fichi, per talento, 6 dracme; uva passa, 7 dracme; aglio, per talento, 8 dracme; cipolle, 4 dracme; fieno coltivato, per carro, 40 dracme; selvatico, 20 dracme; paglia, per rete, 10 dracme.

[Totale, le vittime sono state sacrificate, entrata] dell'anno: 4234 dracme. [Uscita totale dell']anno: 17 204 dracme 4 oboli. [Retribuzione per i ]damiurghi: 500 dracme.

Arabic translation

الآلهة. فترة الكاهن اجيسيستراتوس بن ب [---] وكل من الداميرغوي أريستيبوس بن كريسيلاس وثيودوروس بن يوباتاس، يوكليداس بن إي [---]، تم تقدير المحاصيل كالتالي: الفصل الأول: القمح، لكل ميديمنوس، 5 دراخما؛ الشعير، ½2 دراخما؛ الفول، 5 دراخما؛ الحمص، 5 دراخما؛ العدس، 7 دراخما؛ بقوليات أخرى، 3 دراخما؛ الكمون، 7 دراخما؛ اللوز ذو القشور الهشة، 15 دراخما؛ ذو القشور الصلبة، [قيمة ما؛ الزيت، لكل سميريوس، قيمة ما؛ والنبيذ، قيمة ما؛ التين، لكل تالنت، قيمة ما؛ الزبيب، قيمة ما. الثوم، لكل تالنت، قيمة ما؛ البصل، قيمة ما؛ التبن المزروع، لكل حمولة عربة، قيمة ما؛ التبن البري، قيمة ما؛ القش (الناتج عن درس الحبوب)، لكل شبكة، قيمة ما. الفصل الثاني: القمح، لكل ميديمنوس، قيمة ما؛ الشعير، قيمة ما؛ الفول، قيمة ما؛ الحمص، قيمة ما؛ العدس، قيمة ما؛ أخرى] بقوليات، 3 دراخما؛ الكمون، 8 دراخما؛ اللوز ذو القشور الهشة، 15 دراخما؛ ذو القشور الهشة الصلبه، 6 دراخما. الزيت، لكل سميريوس، 8 دراخما؛ النبيذ، 7 دراخما؛ التين، لكل تالنت، 6 دراخما؛ الزبيب، 7 دراخما؛ الثوم، لكل تالنت، 8 دراخما؛ البصل، 4 دراخما؛ التبن المزروع، لكل حمولة عربة، 40 دراخما؛ التبن البري، 20 دراخما؛ القش (الناتج عن درس الحبوب)، للشبكة الواحدة، 10 دراخما. إجمالي دخل السنة: 4234 دراخما. مجموع مصروفات السنة: 204 17 دراخما 4 أوبول. تعطى للداميرجوي: 500 دراخما.

Commentary

Marengo's joining produced the name of the priest and the first letter of his father's name. A second letter may be restored in the father's name from IGCyr0951502, as cautiously considered by Marengo and more surely adopted by Rosamilia.

At line 6, Marengo tentatively proposed to restore the father's name as Eukleidas, on the basis of very faint traces of letters seen on the photograph. For IGCyr we remained very cautious about this restoration, as well as now Rosamilia 2023, who points out that Eukles is another possible name. However, the seven lines of the heading being laid out on an axial basis, the restoration of only two letters seems too short. Marengo's hypothesis might well be the best one.

The layout of lines 8-29 in two columns has allowed to restore the products and measures in column i for ll. 19-29 and in column ii for ll. 8-13, whereas the missing prices, which might have changed from one semester to the other, should not be restored.

This account belongs to the series where all amounts of money are reckoned in drachmas and noted with the alphabetic system. Hence the use of ligatures combining Μ for 10000 and 𐅦 for 1000 with alpha to theta for 1 to 9 above them. This use of the parakuisma is well attested in Cyrenaican inscriptions in the third and second century BC and in other regions, as well as on papyri.

E. Rosamilia (Rosamilia 2016) has shown that the change from silver standard to bronze standard took place in Cyrenaica about 220 BC and he was also able (Rosamilia 2017) to place this account before 180 BC, together with IGCyr0140002, IGCyr0142002 and IGCyr0146002, which have also in common the use of abbreviated forms for the names of some products. At lines 10 and 31 the glyph 𐅵, otherwise unknown in Cyrenaica has probably the same value as in the papyri: a half drachma. The smaller fraction noted through - at l. 31 should therefore be 1 obol: the Cyrenaean drachma being at the time divided into 6 obols the addition of 3 + 1 would be fitting. See Dobias-Lalou 2017 against Oliverio's previous theory and for a possible origin of this glyph.

In this account, like in IGCyr0141002, there is no 'remainder' and the income is less than the expense. It might be that what is here called 'income' would be net income, thus in fact what older accounts give as 'remainder'. Rosamilia 2023 suggests that an error occurred, due to the lack of space on that line, where the letters are very much pressed together, and that a glyph Μ for 10,000 should be restituted. That would be such a huge error that we prefer not to admit it into the text.

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All citation, reuse or distribution of this work must contain a link back to DOI: https://doi.org/10.60760/unibo/igcyrgvcyr2 and the filename (IGCyr000000 or GVCyr000), as well as the year of consultation.

Maps

Cyrene general plan

image

Cyrene agora

image